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Rev. chil. nutr ; 45(3): 205-215, set. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-959482

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivo: Valorar la adherencia del paciente diabético tipo 2 a las recomendaciones dietéticas profesionales, posteriormente educar en hábitos nutricionales saludables y evaluar las mejoras implementadas. Método: Investigación-Acción Evaluativa a 32 residentes diabéticos tipo 2 en la costa mediterránea española elegidos aleatoriamente en 2016 durante ingreso hospitalario. El diseño constó de 3 fases: exploratoria, educativa y evaluativa. Las técnicas empleadas fueron: la entrevista semiestructurada y métodos mixtos educativos. Los instrumentos fueron: el cuestionario MUST y el marco evaluativo de mejoras ISTEW. Resultados: Los entrevistados de ambos sexos (19 hombres y 13 mujeres) y media de edad de 74 años, no se sentían responsables de la elección y elaboración de la dieta diaria. Tampoco se sentían bien informados ni creían tener herramientas para abordar su salud nutricional correctamente. Se detectó un consumo excesivo de dulces y de grasas saturadas, no correspondiéndose con el tipo de dieta mediterránea esperable propia de la zona. Tras la intervención educativa se corroboró un alto grado de satisfacción y mejoras en su desempeño. Conclusiones: La no adherencia dietética se puede explicar por la ausencia de un canal de información eficaz paciente-familia-profesional y la ausencia del vínculo terapéutico al disminuir el empoderamiento y el nivel de gravedad percibida por la persona. La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea fue baja. El conocimiento de su patología no se explica por el nivel académico y socioeconómico.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess adherence to professional dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients and then evaluate improvements after education on healthy nutritional habits. Methods: In 2016, thirty-two type 2 diabetics who resided on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain were randomly selected and invited to participate at hospital admission. The design consisted of 3 phases: exploration, education and evaluation. The techniques used were: semi-structured interviews and mixed educational methods. The instruments were: the MUST questionnaire and the ISTEW improvement evaluation framework. Results: The interviewees of both sexes (19 men and 13 women) with an average age of 74 years did not feel responsible for the choice and elaboration of their daily diet. They also did not feel well informed, nor did they believe they had the tools to address their nutritional needs correctly. Excessive consumption of sweets and saturated fats was detected, not corresponding to the type of Mediterranean diet expected in the area. After the educational intervention, a high degree of satisfaction and improvements in performance were corroborated. Conclusions: Dietary nonadherence can be explained by the absence of an effective patient-family-professional information channel and the absence of a therapeutic link reduced patient empowerment and level of severity perceived by the person. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low. The knowledge of his pathology is not explained by the academic and socioeconomic level.


Assuntos
Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Cooperação do Paciente , Diabetes Mellitus , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta Mediterrânea
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